Towards the criteria for the quality of information in the news media text
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47475/2070-0695-2023-49-3-6-11Keywords:
news media text, criteria for the quality of information, credibility, sensationalism, referential text densityAbstract
The article discusses theoretical aspects of the quality of information in modern news media texts.The goal of the work is to specify the existing criteria for the quality of news information and the linguistic approachesto their identification.The attributes of the high-quality news are analyzed,which are used today in the scientific and educational discourse and in journalistic practice.Accordingto the results of the analysis, the lack of methodological unity of theapproaches to their classificationis noted.That is thenumber of typologically heterogeneous characteristics are combined into some sets corresponding to various parameters, such as factual, linguistic design, compliance with the communicative needs of the recipient, institutional and economic conditionsof news production.The multidirectionality of a number of attributes is shown, which is most evidentin theparameters«factuality» and «institutional and economic conditionsof news production», which in turn gives the antagonistic character to of credibilityand sensationalism. It is proposed to solve the problem of the non-homogeneity of criteria for the quality of news information by relying on the principle of cooperation suggested byH.P.Grice.With this approach, the system-forming status takes the criterion of credibility, and the criterion of sensationalismshifts to the periphery of the system up to the complete exclusion from the existing lists of the criteria for the quality of the news.The identifying of the degree of credibility of the text is proposed to be carried out in terms of the discursive-linguistic approach by the method of macrostructural text analysis, which allows to identify the referential density of the news media text as a kind of linguistic “dimension” of its credibility. The degree of referential density is described through the types of referential focus of the text: concentrated, shifted, diffuse. The text with a concentrated referential focus has thegreatest degree of referential density, that’s why we suggest to useits macrostructural characteristics as the diagnostic criteria of the quality of information in the news media text.References
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