Thematic and genre features of scientific and educational content in children's magazines of the early 20th century (on the example of the magazine «Mayak»)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47475/2070-0695-2024-53-3-82-90Keywords:
children’s magazine, popular science magazine, content, genre, scientific and educational journalism, educational activities, popularization of science, history of journalismAbstract
The purpose of this study is to identify the thematic and genre features of the scientific and educational content of the illustrated children’s magazine «Mayak» (1909–1918). A review of modern studies devoted to the history of journalism shows that pre-revolutionary periodicals for children and adolescents remain poorly studied, especially publications from the early twentieth century. In the course of preparing this article, a detailed analysis of the contents of the magazine «Mayak» was carried out, which contributes to the study of the history of children’s magazine press and popular science journalism. Educational publications were a permanent part of the magazine, the main thematic areas were geography, natural science, technical sciences and inventions, history and linguistics. Descriptions of travel and natural phenomena, flora and fauna occupied a significant place on the pages of the publication, helped to develop cognitive activity, careful attitude to nature, social responsibility. Ethnographic essays and stories aroused interest in the culture of different countries and regions, spread the ideas of international brotherhood and intercultural dialogue. The magazine published biographies of outstanding people, essays and discussions about various phenomena and discoveries in the fields of natural sciences and technology. The educational focus also determined the formation of the literary and artistic section: realistic stories and novellas echoed the natural science and technical parts of the publication. The magazine promoted an active perception of reality, was distinguished by pragmatism, and many publications were of an applied nature. The magazine paid special attention to visual accompaniment of texts, publishing many illustrations. Active educational work, various topics and forms of popular science publications determine the prominent place of the magazine «Mayak» in the system of children’s and youth periodicals of the early twentieth century.
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